Institute for Basic Science
Since the early 20th century when engrams (memory traces) were first elucidated, it has long been believed that engrams are confined to cells. However, recent research over the past decade has revealed a correlation between synaptic plasticity and memory formation and erasure. In particular, it is known that not only does the distribution of synapses between activated cells change with memory formation, but it also accompanies morphological changes. Our laboratory focuses on studying synapses as the repository of memory. Synapses, the gateways through which nerve cells communicate, have been a subject of interest in research for a long time, but previous attempts to directly observe synapses have been limited by their small size. However, with the latest technology developed by our research team to visualize synapses, it is now possible to structurally analyse synaptic plasticity. Since a single nerve cell forms synapses with many presynaptic cells, selectively labelling specific synapses for analysis can provide a deep understanding of how synaptic plasticity occurs. Given the ongoing debate in the field of neuroscience regarding where memories are stored in the brain, the technology developed by our research team offers a new paradigm for studying learning and memory.
Calcium Imaging, Optogenetics, Two-Photon Microscopy
Electrophysiology, Manipulation of neural circuits
We focus on studying learning and memory at the synaptic level using a technology called Dual-eGRASP. We aim to understand the neural circuits involved in various forms of learning. Additionally, we seek to explore the molecular mechanisms of synapses formed between engram cells and investigate the role of excitatory neurons and astrocytes in memory formation. This research contributes to understanding neurological diseases and developing new treatment technologies.
We aim to understand the complex process of cognition, involving the coordinated activation of neural circuits across different brain areas. Using a mouse model, we identify the key cell populations associated with specific behaviours, with the ultimate goal of investigating molecular-level mechanisms underlying neurological processes. Our objectives include identifying specific neuronal ensemble, applying optogenetics and analysing molecular mechanisms of neural circuits involved in behaviour. Through these efforts, we hope to contribute to understanding brain regulation of cognitive functions and identifying molecular targets for treating mental disease.